Cyber Safety (Prose)

Unit 7: Prose – Cyber Safety

Warm-up

In pairs, identify the types of computer. Choose and write their names from the box.
Tablet, Palmtop computer, Laptop, Watch computer, Personal computer, Super computer

__ __ __
__ __ __

Glossary

• screw gauge (n) – measuring tool
• browse (v) – to scan, to casually look through in order to find items of interest
• frightened (adj) – scared
• online predator (n) – someone who sexually exploits a child over the internet
• bother (v) – to disturb or annoy
• cyber (adj) – relating to or characteristic of culture of computers, information technology and virtual reality
• aggressive (adj) – prone to behave in a way that involves attacking or arguing
• beneficial (adj) – helpful or good to something or someone

Read and Understand

A. Choose the correct synonyms for the italicised words.

1. I was really scared.
   a. bold b. frightened c. courageous

2. Let us browse about it.
   a. surf b. write c. listen

3. There is a chance to get addicted.
   a. accustomed b. detractor c. clear-headed

4. We can’t ignore the benefits of internet.
   a. welfare b. drawback c. disadvantage

5. She gathered the information from the internet.
   a. disburse b. collected c. spread

B. Choose the correct antonyms for the italicised words.

1. The explosion had weakened the building’s foundations.
   a. drab b. dull c. strengthen d. weak

2. A stranger was roaming around the street.
   a. well known b. newcomer c. unknown d. foreigner

3. She was very courageous, nothing seemed to bother her.
   a. worry b. annoy c. pester d. pleasing

4. He asked the manager to improve the facility in the hall.
   a. worsen b. better c. enhance d. upgrade

5. A good diet is beneficial to health.
   a. beneficial b. helpful c. harmful d. useful

C. Fill in the blanks.

1. Internet is a great tool where one can gather information.
2. Gladin was gathering information for his project.
3. Children should use internet safely.
4. We should keep our personal details private on the internet.
5. We should not get addicted to mobile phones / the internet.

D. Say True or False.

1. Gladin’s mom knew how screw gauge works. False
2. We use internet to gather information and gain knowledge. True
3. Rani was frightened of an online predator. True
4. Strangers never misuse your information. False
5. Do not give your name, address, telephone number to strangers. True
6. Too much of anything is good for nothing. True

E. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.

1. Why did Gladin’s mom ask him to browse?
   To find information about how a screw gauge works.

2. Why do we use internet?
   To gather information, gain knowledge and communicate quickly.

3. What was Rani afraid of?
   She was afraid of an online predator.

4. What advice did Rani’s father give?
   Never share personal details with strangers online.

5. Who is an online predator?
   A person who exploits children over the internet.

6. What was father’s instruction to Gladin and Rani?
   Use the internet wisely and keep personal information private.

7. What do strangers do with our personal information?
   They may misuse it for cheating or harmful activities.

8. What are the benefits of computer?
   Fast calculation, storage, internet access, learning and entertainment.

F. Answer in about 100 words.

1. How can one use technology cautiously?
   Use strong passwords, avoid sharing personal details, verify websites, limit screen time, install antivirus software and think before clicking links.

2. What happens if someone is addicted to mobile phone?
   It leads to poor health, reduced study time, sleep loss, eye strain and weak social relationships.

3. Why can’t we ignore the benefits of internet and mobile phone?
   They provide instant information, easy communication, online learning, emergency help and global connectivity which make life easier and faster.

Vocabulary

British and American English

British	American
Torch	Flashlight
Cell phone	Mobile phone
Bin	Trash can
Lorry	Truck

A) Find the suitable British or American English word and fill in.
Flat → Apartment
Lift → Elevator
Petrol → Gasoline
French fries → Chips
Cookie → Biscuit
Vacation → Holiday

Spelling Differences

British	American
Skilful	Skillful
Cheque	Check
Programme	Program
Dialogue	Dialog

B) Fill in with correct spelling.
Apologise Judgement Neighbour Dreamt Aeroplane Plough

C. Eponymous Words

Eponym	Meaning	Origin
Columbia	A S. American country & many cities	Christopher Columbus (Italian explorer)
Diesel	Oil-based engine	Rudolf Diesel (German engineer)
March	Third month	Mars, Roman god of war
Oscar	Film award	Oscar Pierce, US farmer
Sandwich	Food between bread slices	John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich

Find origin & meaning:
- Saxophone – musical instrument – Adolphe Sax
- Volcano – mountain that erupts – Vulcan, Roman god of fire
- Eiffel Tower – Paris landmark – Gustave Eiffel
- Boycott – refuse to deal – Charles Boycott
- Mount Everest – world’s highest peak – Sir George Everest

D. Euphemistic Words

Offensive	Euphemism
unemployed	between jobs
old	over the hill
died	passed away
stupid	intellectually challenged

i. Fill blanks with euphemisms.
- deaf → hard of hearing
- mentally ill → emotionally disturbed
- fat → plus-sized
- blind → visually impaired
- liar → economical with the truth

Listening

E. Complete appropriately:
1. A mobile phone is like a world in our pockets as it contains information, entertainment and communication tools.
2. Parents do not have to remain in tension if their sons and daughters are late because they can contact them anytime.
3. Negative effects:
a. Eye strain b. Sleep loss c. Reduced physical activity d. Cyber bullying
4. Excessive use can be hazardous as it causes headaches and radiation exposure.
5. A mobile phone is a threat to privacy as personal data can be hacked or misused.

Speaking

F. Imagine a world with no books, only e-books.
Deliver a two-minute talk on how you would find such a world. (Practice in class)

Writing – E-mail

Formal Email Format
To: thehindustantimes@gmail.com
Subject: Global warming

Dear Sir,
Please publish the following in the columns of your esteemed daily.

It is a matter of great concern that global warming has become a threat to all of us and the environment. According to the findings on Climate Changes, the consequences include increased risk of floods and droughts. Global warming has decreased agricultural productivity and caused snowfall in deserts. Melting glaciers may lead to water crisis.

Regards,
Galen

F. Task
Write a formal email to Mr Sundar Pichai, CEO of Google, requesting an appointment for an interview.

Grammar

Question Tags

Formation:
- Positive statement → negative tag
You are a student, aren’t you?
- Negative statement → positive tag
Kayal isn’t lazy, is she?

Contractions:
isn’t, wasn’t, aren’t, weren’t, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, won’t, can’t, couldn’t, haven’t, hasn’t, hadn’t, shouldn’t

Special cases:
- I am → aren’t I?
- Let’s → shall we?
- Imperative: Read it, will you?
- Everyone is ready, aren’t they?

Exercise A – Add suitable tags
1. She is collecting stickers, isn’t she?
2. We often watch TV in the afternoon, don’t we?
3. You have cleaned your bike, haven’t you?
4. John and Max don’t like maths, do they?
5. Peter played handball yesterday, didn’t he?
6. They are going home from school, aren’t they?
7. Mary didn’t do her homework last Monday, did she?
8. He could have bought a new car, couldn’t he?
9. Kevin will come tonight, won’t he?
10. I’m clever, aren’t I?

Exercise B – Multiple choice
1. He is still sleeping, isn’t he?
2. You go to school, don’t you?
3. Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
4. We won’t be late, will we?
5. Nobody called, did they?
6. They will wash the car, won’t they?
7. We must lock the doors, mustn’t we?
8. I’m right, aren’t I?
9. So you bought a car, didn’t you?
10. You wouldn’t like to invite my Dad, would you?

Sentences: Simple, Compound, Complex

• Simple – one subject + one predicate
  His courage won him honour.

• Compound – two or more main clauses joined by coordinators
  The moon was bright and we could see our way.

• Complex – one main clause + one or more subordinate clauses
  They rested when evening came.

Identify the types:
1. Though he was poor, he was honest. → Complex
2. I went because I was invited. → Complex
3. Jancy returned home because she was tired. → Complex
4. Whatever you do, do well. → Complex
5. Listen carefully and take notes. → Compound
6. I called him, but he gave me no answer. → Compound
7. The town in which I live is very large. → Complex
8. They always talk who never think. → Complex
9. We must eat to live, but we should not live to eat. → Compound
10. Govern your passions or they will govern you. → Compound

Language Check

S.No.	Incorrect	Correct	Reason
1	Every of the two boys	Each of the two boys	Each for two; every for more than two.
2	Ten candidates have passed one has failed.	Ten candidates have passed; one has failed.	Proper punctuation and auxiliary use.
3	Have you bought some mangoes?	Have you bought any mangoes?	Any in questions; some in affirmatives.

Practice Practice Exercises

1. A mobile phone is like a world in our pockets as

2. Parents do not have to remain in tension if their sons and daughters are late because

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

4. Excessive use of mobile phones can be hazardous to one’s health as

5. A mobile phone is a threat to one’s privacy as

1. She is collecting stickers, ?

2. We often watch TV in the afternoon, ?

3. You have cleaned your bike, ?

4. John and Max don't like Maths, ?

5. Peter played handball yesterday, ?

6. They are going home from school, ?

7. Mary didn't do her homework last Monday, ?

8. He could have bought a new car, ?

9. Kevin will come tonight, ?

10. I'm clever, ?

1. He is still sleeping,

2. You go to school,

3. Let's go for a walk,

4. We won't be late,

5. Nobody called,

6. They will wash the car,

7. We must lock the doors,

8. I'm right,

9. So, you bought a car,

10. You wouldn't like to invite my Dad,

1. Though he was poor, he was honest.

2. I went because I was invited.

3. Jancy returned home because she was tired.

4. Whatever you do, do well.

5. Listen carefully and take notes.

6. I called him, but he gave me no answer.

7. The town in which I live is very large.

8. They always talk who never think.

9. We must eat to live, but we should not live to eat.

10. Govern your passions or they will govern you...

a. bold

b. frightened

c. courageous

a. surf

b. write

c. listen

a. accustomed

b. detractor

c. clear-headed

a. welfare

b. drawback

c. disadvantage

a. disburse

b. collected

c. spread

a. drab

b. dull

c. strengthen

d. week

a. well known

b. newcomer

c. unknown

d. foreigner

a. worry

b. annoy

c. pester

d. pleasing

a. worsen

b. better

c. enhance

d. upgrade

a. benefit

b. helpful

c. harmful

d. useful

1. Internet is a great tool where, one can gather .

2. Gladin is gathering information for his .

3. Children should use internet

4. We should keep our personal details in the internet.

5. We should not get addicted to

1. Gladin's mom knew how screw guage works

2. We use internet to gather information and gain knowledge.

3. Rani was frightened of an online predator.

4. Strangers never misuse your information.

5. Do not give your name, address, telephone number to the strangers.

6. Too much of anything is good for nothing.

1. Why did Gladin’s mom ask him to browse?

2. Why do we use internet?

3. What was Rani afraid of?

4. What advice did Rani's father give?

5. Who is an online predator?

6. What was father’s instruction to Gladin and Rani?

7. What do strangers do with our personal information?

8. What are the benefits of computer?

1. How can one use the technology cautiously?

2. What happens if someone is addicted to mobile phone?

3. "Why can't we ignore the benefits of internet and mobile phone".