Hardware And Software

Class 6 | Science — Computer_Science | Unit 6

Class 6 Unit 6 Science

Unit 6 Hardware and Software

Learning Objectives

• To identify Software and Hardware of a computer
• To distinguish the features of Hardware and software
• To recognize different types of software
• To identify some Open source software and utilize them effectively

Introduction

Computer is a device comprising both hardware and software. The functions of hardware and software combine together to make the Computer functional. A hardware device helps to enter input information. The software processes the input data and gives the output in the monitor, a hardware device. This computer is like a human body, where the human body is the hardware and soul is the software.

6.1 Hardware

Hardware is the parts of the computer which we can touch and feel. Hardware includes Input and Output devices, Cabinet, Hard Disk, Motherboard, SMPS, CPU, RAM, CD Drive and Graphics Card.

6.2 Software

Hardware is lifeless without software in a computer. Software are programmed and coded applications to process the input information. The software processes the data by converting the input information into coding or programmed language. Touching and feeling the software is not possible but we can see the functions of the software in the form of output.

Do You Know?

Email existed before the World Wide Web.

6.3 Types of Software

The software is divided into two types based on the process. They are

1. System Software (Operating System)
2. Application software

6.3.1 System Software

System Software (Operating system) is software that makes the hardware devices process the data inputted by the user and to display the result on the output devices like Monitor. Without the operating system, computer cannot function on its own. Some of the popular operating systems are Linux, Windows, Mac, Android etc.

6.3.2 Application Software

Application software is a program or a group of programs designed for the benefit of the end user to work on a computer. The application programs can be installed in the hard disk for the usage on a particular computer. This type of application program completes one or more than two works of the end user. The following are the examples of application program: Video player, Audio player, Word processing software, drawing tools, Editing software, etc.

From the flow chart

Software: set of programs that governs the functioning of computers.

System software: Control the internal computer operation.

Application software: Carries out necessary operation for a specified application to function.

System management Program

1. Operating System
2. Device Drivers
3. System Utilities

Developing software

1. Programming Language
2. Language Translator
3. Linker
4. loder etcetera

General Purpose software:

1. word processor
2. presentation
3. spread sheet
4. Image Editor etcetera

Specific Purpose software:

1. Reservation System
2. Attendance System
3. Billing System
4. Report Card generator etcetera

6.4 System and Application Software types

The operating system and application software are available in two forms. They are

1. Free and Open source
2. Paid and Proprietary Software

6.4.1 Free and Open source

Free and open software is available at free of cost and can be shared to many end users. Free software is editable and customizable by the user and this leads to the updation or development of new software. Examples of Free and Open-source software: LINUX, Open office, Operating System, GeoGebra etc

6.4.2 Paid and Proprietary Software

There is software that is to be paid to use either permanently or temporarily, these types of software are paid and need a license to use it. The license of the software would not be provided unless it is purchased. Similarly, the end users are legally prohibited to steal the software program or to use the pirated version of the Paid and Proprietary Software. Some of the examples of Paid & Proprietary Software are: Windows, Microsoft office, Adobe Photoshop, etc.

Do You Know?

The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is an organization dedicated to promote Open source software.

Evaluation

Exercise I. Choose the correct answer

1. Find out the part that is not found in the CPU?

a. Motherboard b. SMPS c. RAM d. Mouse

Answer: d. Mouse

2. Which of the following is correct?

a. Free and Open source b. Free and Traditional software c. Passive and Open source d. Passive and Traditional source

Answer: a. Free and Open source

3. LINUX is a

a. Paid Software b. Licensed Software c. Free and Proprietary software d. Free and Open source software

Answer: d Free and Open source software

4. Find out Paid and Proprietary software from the given list

a. Windows b. MAC OS c. Adobe Photoshop d. All the above

Answer: d. All the above

5. _____ is a Operating System

a. Android b. Chrome c. Internet d. Pendrive

Answer: a. Android

Exercise II. Match the following

1. MAC O S
2. Software
3. Hardware
4. Keyboard
5. LINUX

Options: Free and Open-source Software, Paid and Proprietary Software, Input Device, RAM, Geogebra

Answer:

1. MAC O S - Paid and Proprietary Software

2. Software - Geogebra

3. Hardware - RAM

4. Keyboard - Input Device

5. LINUX - Free and Open-source Software

Exercise III. Short answer

1. What is Hardware and Software?

2. What do you mean by Operating System? How it Works?

3. What is Free and Open-Source Software? Give any two examples?

Glossary

Artificial magnet செயற்கைகாந்தம் Adhesives ஒட்டும்பொருட்கள் Aloe சோற்றுகற்றாழை Biodegradable waste உயிரினச்சிதைவிற்குஉள்ளாகும்கழிவுகள் Bio - fuel உயிரிஎரிபொருள் Consumers நுகர்வோர்கள் Compost மட்கியஉரம் Cereal தானியம் Decomposers சிதைப்பான்கள் Disinfectant கிருமிநாசினி Electromagnet மின்காந்தம் Estuary முகத்துவாரம் Ecosystem சூழ்நிலைமண்டலம் Food Chain உணவுச்சங்கிலி Food web உணவுவலை Ground water நிலத்தடிநீர் Herbivore தாவரஉண்ணி Hard wood வன்கட்டை Incinerate எரித்துசாம்பலாக்குதல் Inorganic fertilizer கனிமஉரம் Landfill நிலத்தில்நிரப்புதல் Like poles ஒத்ததுருவங்கள் Magnet காந்தம் Magnetic Material காந்ததன்மையுடையபொருள் Magnetic Compass காந்தஊசிப்பெட்டி Magnetization காந்தமாக்கல் Magnetic attraction காந்தஈர்ப்பு Magnetic repulsion காந்தவிலகல் Non–Magnetic substances காந்ததன்மையற்றபொருள் North pole வடதுருவம் South pole தென்துருவம் Natural Indicator இயற்கைநிரங்காட்டி Non-Bio degradable waste உயிரினச்சிதைவிற்குஉள்ளாகாதகழிவுகள் Natural pesticides இயற்கைகளைக்கொல்லி Organic fertilizer கரிமஉரம் Ornamental Plant அலங்காரத்தாவரங்கள் Producers தயாரிப்பாளர்கள் Pollution மாசுபாடு Pulses பருப்புவகைகள் Pollinators மகரந்தச்சேர்க்கையாளர்கள் Surface water மேற்பரப்புநீர் Synthetic செயற்கை Swamp சதுப்பு Soft wood மென்கட்டை Spices மசாலாப்பொருட்கள் Turmeric Powder மஞ்சள்தூள் Timber மரக்கட்டைகள் Unlike poles எதிரெதிர்துருவங்கள் Vermicompost மண்புழுஉரம் Water cycle நீர்சுழற்சி Water treatment plant நீர்சுத்திகரிப்புநிலையம்

Authors List

Sixth Standard Science Advisory Committee and Chairperson

Doctor T V Venkateswaran Scientist D S T Vigyanaprasar New Delhi.

Doctor Mazher Sulthana Professor and Head Retired P G Department of Zoology Presidency College, Chennai.

Reviewers

Doctor V Sivamadavi Associate Professor Bharathi Women's College, Chennai.

Doctor G Ramesh Assistant Professor, Doctor Ambedkar Government Arts College Vyasarpadi Chennai

Doctor G Rajalakshmi Assistant Professor Department of Botany Bharathi Women's College, Chennai

Content Readers

N Thamaraikannan P G Assistant Jai Gopal Karodia Higher Secondary School Tambaram, Chennai.

Doctor S Ravi Kasi Venkataraman Head master Government Girls Higher Secondary School DhesurThiruvannamalai District

I C T Coordinators

D Vijay Ananth B T Assistant English P U M S Attayampattayan Vattam Tharamangalam Block Salem

V Suresh B T Assistant P U M S Kallikudi Muthupettai Block Thiruvarur District

Experts and Coordinators

D Prabhakaran Assistant Professor S C E R T Chennai

S Rajesh B T Assistant Government higher secondary school Vanganoor Thiruvallur District

Authors

D Perumal Raj B T Assistant PUMS Manickamangalam Valaingaiman Block Thiruvarur District

Doctor M N Thanuja B T Assistant Government higher secondary school Devarsholai The Nilgiris

M Mohanapriya PGT Assistant Government higher secondary school Govindakudi Thiruvarur District

Doctor N Vidhya geetha Lecturer DIET Aduthurai Thanjavur District

M Ananthan B T Assistant Government higher secondary school servaikaranpatti Dindigul District

S Shyamala BT Assistant Government Adi Dravidar Welfare High school Pulianthoppu Chennai

N Manikandan B T Assistant Government High School Rasingapuram Theni District

N Balusamy HM Retired Corporation Government higher secondary school Peelamedu, Coimbatore.

M Tamilarasi PGT Retired SaintJoseph Government higher secondary school Vadugarpet Lalgudi Trichy

Mr Ribhu Vohra Waste less Auroville Puduchery

Doctor R Asir Julius Assistant Professor S C E R T Chennai.

G Dhavamani Maheswari Senior Lecturer DIET Tirur District

Art and Design Team

Illustration K Mathiyazhagan, Pramoth, Velmurugan, Gopu Rasuvel.

Layout Design V S Johnsmith T Nagar, Chennai

Info Graph V Srinivasan Valasaravakkam, Chennai.

Wrapper Design Kathir Arumugam

QC Manohar Radhakrishnan

Co-ordination Ramesh munisamy

Typing M. Sathya New Perunkalathoor.

EMIS Technology Team

R.M. Satheesh State Coordinator Technical, T N EMIS Samagra Shiksha.

K P Sathya Narayana I T Consultant, T N EMIS Samagra Shiksha

R Arun Maruthi Selvan Technical Project Consultant, T N EMIS Samagra Shiksha

📝 Summary

1. A computer comprises both hardware (physical components we can touch and feel) and software (programmed applications that process data), working together to make the computer functional.
2. Hardware includes input and output devices, cabinet, hard disk, motherboard, SMPS, CPU, RAM, CD drive, and graphics card, while software processes input information through coding and programming.
3. Software is divided into two main types: System Software (Operating System) that makes hardware devices process data and display results, and Application Software that is designed for end users to perform specific tasks.
4. Popular operating systems include Linux, Windows, Mac, and Android, while application software examples include video players, word processing software, drawing tools, and editing software.
5. Both operating systems and application software are available in two forms: Free and Open Source (like Linux, Open Office, GeoGebra) that can be shared and customized at no cost, and Paid and Proprietary Software (like Windows, Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop) that requires a license to use legally.