Parts Of Computer

Class 6 | Science — Computer_Science | Unit 7

Class 6 Unit 7 Science

Unit

Parts of Computer

Learning Outcomes

• To know the Input unit, CPU and the Output unit.
• To understand the memory unit.
• To differentiate the input and output devices.
• To link the connections in Computer.

Is it easy to connect our sprawling planet to a point? If it is easy, then how would it be possible? The answer to these questions in today's world is the Computer. In this Modern World computer eases the effort and speeds up the processes to a great extent. Now-a-days the usage of computer plays an important part in every walk of life. So, it is apt time to learn about computers. To start, it is necessary to note that there are three key units in the computer. Understanding of this three units will make us to operate a computer in ease. In this section, let us learn what are the three units? What are the functions of each of these units.

7.1.1 Parts of a Computer

• Input Unit
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Output Unit

Input Unit

INPUT → CPU → OUTPUT

The input unit helps to send the data and commands for the processing. The devices that are used to input data are called input devices.

Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Barcode reader, Microphone-Mic., Web camera, Light Pen are some of the input devices.

Keyboard

Keyboard plays an important role in a computer as a input device. Numbers and alphabet plays a role of Data in computer. Keyboard helps to enter data. Keyboard has two types of keys, namely number keys and alphabet keys. The keys with numbers are called number keys and key with letters are called alphabet keys.

Mouse

Mouse is an essential part of the computer. Mouse has two buttons and a scroll ball in the middle. The mouse is used to move the pointer on a computer screen. Right button is used to select files and to open the folder. Left button is used to carryout corrections in the file. The page on the monitor can be moved up and down using the scroll ball.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU is the brain of the Computer. The data is processed in the CPU. The CPU has namely three parts.

1. Memory Unit
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
3. Control Unit

Control Unit

The control unit controls the functions of all parts of the computer.

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Arithmetic and Logic unit performs all arithmetic computations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Memory Unit

The memory unit in the computer saves all data and information temporarily. We can classify memory unit into two types namely primary and secondary memory. Memory can be expanded externally with the help of Compact Disk (CD), Pendrive, etc.

Output Unit

The output unit converts, command received by the computer in the form of binary signals into easily understandable characters. Monitor, Printer, Speaker, scanner are some of the output devices.

Of the various output devices, monitor is the important output device because it is link to the computer. Monitor screen looks like TV screen. The input data in the form of Alphabets, Numbers, Pictures or Cartoons and Videos it will be displayed on a monitor. There are two types of monitor namely,

1. Cathode Ray Tube Monitors (CRT)
2. Thin Film Transistor Monitors (TFT)

Now a days computer system has TFT monitor as they occupy less space and emit less heat than CRT monitors.

7.1.2 Memory Units

The data is measured in units which is called as Bit. A Bit has a single binary value either 0 or 1.

Do You Know?

A DVD is capable of storing 6 times more data than a CD.

Classification of Computer

The computers can be classified as follows based on their design, shape, speed, efficiency, working of the memory unit and their applications.

• Mainframe Computer
• Mini Computer
• Micro or Personal Computer
• Super Computer

Personal computer and its types

Personal computer comes under the microcomputer. Based on the memory and efficiency in PC they can be classified as:

1. Desktop
2. Laptop
3. Tablet

7.1.3 Connecting the Computer

You must have seen tube light and fan working by connection through electric wire. Likewise various parts of the computer are linked through connecting cables. We call computer as system as it is connected with one another. Do you know how these parts are connected? There are many cables used to connect these parts. These cables are called as connecting cables. These cables are found in different sizes. Each cable has its own specific use. Let us see the different types of cables and its uses.

Types of Cables

• Video Graphics Array (VGA)
• High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• Data cable
• Power Cord
• Mic cable
• Ethernet cable

1. VGA cable

It is used to connect the computer monitor with the CPU.

2. USB cable

Devices like Printer, Pendrive, Scanner, Mouse, Keyboard, web camera, and Mobile phone devices are connected with the computer using USB cord or cable.

3. HDMI cable

HDMI cable transmits high quality and high bandwidth streams of audio and video. It connects monitor, projector with the computer.

4. Data cable

Data cable transmits data and it is used to connect tablet, mobile phones to the CPU for data transfer.

5. Audio jack

The audio jack is used to connect the speaker to the computer.

6. Power cord

Power cord temporarily connects an appliance to the main electricity supply.

7. Mic cable

To connect the Mic to the CPU, Mic wire/cord is used.

8. Ethernet

Ethernet cable helps to establish internet connectivity.

7.1.4 Wireless Connections

Bluetooth, Wi-Fi are used to connect to internet without using any connecting cables / devices.

1. Bluetooth

Mouse, Keyboard can be connected to the computer using the Bluetooth. Using the Bluetooth the data can be shared with nearby devices

2. Wi-Fi

Net connectivity can be obtained using the Wi-Fi without any connecting cables. Any data from anywhere can be shared using Wi-Fi.

Evaluation

Exercise I. Choose the correct answer

1. Which one of the following is an output device?

a. Mouse b. Keyboard c. Speaker d. Pendrive

2. Name the cable that connects CPU to the Monitor

a. Ethernet b. Power Cord c. HDMI d. USB

3. Which one of the following is an input device?

a. Speaker b. Keyboard c. Monitor d. Printer

4. Which one of the following is an example for wireless connections

a. Wi-Fi b. Electric wires c. VGA d. USB

5. Pen drive is _____ device.

a. Output b. Input c. Storage d. Connecting cable Exercise II. Match the following

1. VGA
2. Bluetooth
3. Printer
4. Keyboard
5. HDMI

Options: Input device, Connecting cable, LDMI, Wireless connection, Output device

Exercise III. Give short answer

1. Name the parts of a computer.

2. Bring out any two differences between input and output devices.

Exercise Activity

(Look at the magic of connecting cables to desktop computer with 4,3,2,1 formula, start from 4 proceed till 1. Now your computer is ready to use).

By connecting the various parts of a computer we can assemble a computer. For the construction activity, students have to use 4-3-2-1 formula.

A system consist of mouse, key board, monitor, CPU, power cables, and connecting cables Students has to connect the four parts of a computer in row 4, using the cables in row 3, through the power cables in row 2 to construct a system.

Using the 4-3-2-1 formula we can connect the parts of the computer

Parts
Mouse
Keyboard
Monitor
CPU

Connection cables
USB (connecting cable)for Keyboard
USB (connecting cable)for Mouse
VGA

Power cords
USB (connecting cable)for CPU
USB (connecting cable) for Monitor

Working system
A complete computer

Glossary

Control Unit கட்டுப்பாட்டகம் Compact Disk குறுவட்டு Cord/cable கம்பி Digestive system செரிமான மண்டலம் Atmosphere வளிமண்டலம் Data cable தரவுக்கம்பி Arithmetic Logic Unit கணிதத்தருக்கச் செயலகம் Electrical energy மின் ஆற்றல் Audio jack ஒலி இணைப்பான் Electrical circuit மின் சுற்று Battery மின் கல அடுக்கு Eukaryotic cell உண்மையான உட்கரு உண்டய செல் Basic Unit அடிப்பண்ட அலகு Excretory system கழிவு நீக்க மண்டலம் Barcode Reader பட்டணகுறியீடு படிப்பான் Endocrine system நாளமில்லாசுரப்பி மண்டலம். Bluetooth ஊடணல Friction உராய்வு Combustion எரிதல் Fuel எரிச்பொருள் Contraction சுருங்குதல் Flame சுடர் Cortical Expansion பரும விரிவு Flagella கணெஇணை Cracking விரிெல் Food production உைவு உற்பத்தி Cell மின்கலன் Heat சவப்பம் Chemical energy வவதி ஆற்றல் Heat transfer சவப்பம் க்டத்தல் Conductors மின் க்டத்திகள் Insulators மின்க்டத்தா ச்பொருள் Composition இணயபு Inflammable எளிதில் எரியக்கூடிய Compressed air அழுத்தப்பட்ட காற்று Input unit உள்ளீட்டகம் Chloroplast பசுங்கணிகம் Kinetic energy இயக்க ஆற்றல் Chlorophyll பச்ணெயம் Linear Expansion நீள் விரிவு Compound microscope கூட்டு நுண்வைாக்கி Leucoplast சவண்கணிகம் Cell organelles செல் உறுப்புகள் Light Pen ஒளிப்வபனா Circulatory system இரத்த ஓட்ட மண்டலம் Laptop மடிக்கணினி Molecules மூலக்கூறுகள் Projector ஒளிவீழ்த்தி Mountaineer மணலவயறு்பவர் Rusting of iron இரும்பு துருப்பிடித்தல் Muscular system தணெ மண்டலம் Respiration சுவாெம் Microphone ஒலிவாங்கி Respiratory system சுவாெ மண்டலம் Memory Unit நிணனவகம் Secondary cell துணை மின்கலன் Monitor திணரயகம் Series circuit சதா்டர் மின் சுற்று Mainframe Computer ச்பருமுகக்கணினி Solvent கணரப்பான் Mini Computer குறுமுகக்கணினி Solute கணரச்பொருள் Micro computer நுண்கணினி Sublimation பதங்கமாதல் Nerve cell நரம்புச் செல் Skeletal system எலும்பு மண்டலம் Nucleus உட்கரு Sense organs உைர்வு உறுப்புகள் Nervous system நரம்பு மண்டலம் Speaker ஒலிப்ச்பருக்கி Output unit சவளியீட்டகம் Super Computer மீக்கணினி Poor conductor அரிதிற் க்டத்தி Scanner வருடி Photosynthesis ஒளிச்வெர்க்ணக Temperature சவப்பநிணல Pyrex glass ண்பரக்ஸ் கண்ைாடி Thermometer சவப்பநிணலமானி Primary cell முதன்ணம மின் கலன் Thermal Equilibrium சவப்பச் ெமநிணல Plasma membrane பிளாஸ்மா ெவ்வு Thermal Expansion சவப்ப விரிவு Prokaryotic cells உட்கரு முதலில் வதான்றிய செல் Vapourization ஆவியாதல் Parallel circuit இணை மின் சுற்று Vacuoles குமிழ்கள் Plotter வணரவி Wind Mills காற்்றாணலகள் Pen drive விரலி Wi-Fi அருகணல

📝 Summary

1. A computer has three main units: Input Unit (receives data and commands), Central Processing Unit (CPU), and Output Unit (displays processed information).
2. The CPU is the brain of the computer and contains three parts: Memory Unit (saves data temporarily), Arithmetic Logic Unit (performs calculations), and Control Unit (controls all computer functions).
3. Important input devices include Keyboard (with number keys and alphabet keys for entering data) and Mouse (with left button, right button, and scroll ball for navigation and file operations).
4. Output devices convert computer signals into understandable information, with Monitor being the most important output device that displays alphabets, numbers, pictures, cartoons and videos.
5. There are two types of monitors: Cathode Ray Tube Monitors (CRT) and Thin Film Transistor Monitors (TFT), with TFT monitors being preferred as they occupy less space and emit less heat.