Tourism
Class 7 | Social Science — Geography | Unit 2
Class 7 Unit 2 Geography
The word tourist was derived from an old English word "tourian" which refers to a person who travels out of his usual environment for not more than one year and less than 24 hours. The purpose of travel may be religious, recreation, business, historical and cultural.
The Basic components of Tourism
Tourism has become an important source of income for many regions and even for the entire countries of the world. Tourism is an essential part of the life of the society because of its direct impact on social, cultural, educational and economic sector of the nation and on their international relations too. The three main components of tourism are Attraction Accessibility Amenities. These three components are together known as A3 concept.
Attractions
Attractions mainly comprise of two types such as Natural attraction Cultural attraction Natural attraction includes landscape, seascape, beaches, climatic condition and forests. Cultural attraction are historic monuments and other intellectual creations. Apart from this, cultural attractions also includes fairs and festivals.
Accessibility
Accessibility means reachability to a particular place of attraction through various means of transportation such as road, rail, water and air. Transport decides the cost of travel and the time consumed in reaching or accessing a specific attraction.
Amenities
Amenities are the facilities that cater to the needs of a tourist.
1. Accommodations in terms of hotels, restaurants, cafes and other staying units.
2. Travel organizers, Tour operators and Travel Agents
3. Foreign exchange centres, passport and visa agencies
4. Sectors related to Travel Insurance, Safety and Security
Types of Tourism
From the ancient times, travel is a fascination for mankind. Tourism can be divided on the basis of nature, utility, time and distance as indicated below.
Religious tourism Cultural tourism Historical tourism Eco-Tourism Adventure tourism Recreational tourism
Religious Tourism
Religious tourism is one of the oldest type of tourism, wherein people travel individually or in groups for pilgrimage to a religious location such as temples, churches, mosques and other religious places. Religious tour to Kasi (Varanasi) by Hindus, to Jerusalem by Christians and to Mecca by Muslims are few of the examples for religious tourism.
Historical Tourism
It focuses on visiting historically important places like museums, monuments, archaeological areas, forts, temples and so on. Angkorwat of Cambodia, Tajmahal of India and Pyramids of Egypt are some of the examples to quote for Historical Tourism.
Eco-Tourism
Eco tourism typically involves travel to destinations where plants and animals thrive in a naturally preserved environment. Amazon rain forest, African forest safari, trekking in the slopes of Himalayas are the famous incredible Eco friendly attractions.
Do You Know?
Gastronomy refers to an aspect of cultural tourism.
Adventure Tourism
Adventure tourism is a type of tourism involving travel to remote or exotic places in order to take part in physically challenging outdoor activities. For example sky dive in Australia, Bungee jumping in New Zealand, mountaineering in the peaks of Himalayas, rafting in the Brahmaputra River at Arunachala Pradesh.
Recreational Tourism
This type of tourism aims at enjoyment, amusement or pleasure are mainly for 'fun activity'. Waterfalls, hill stations, beaches, and amusement parks are the attractive spots for recreational tourism. Apart from this, there are certain modern types of tourism, which got developed in recent years. They are Annual Holiday tourism Industrial Tourism Seasonal Tourism International Tourism Group Tourism Sports Tourism Health Tourism Farm and Rural Tourism
Do You Know?
Inbound Tourism Touring within the native country.
Outbound Tourism Touring in foreign countries.
International Tourism
International tourism is undertaken to visit the places of international importance and to gather knowledge about international culture and customs. For this, there are certain travel forms and formalities to be fulfilled by the tourists, such as passport, Visa, Foreign Currency, Air ticket, Travel insurance, and other immigration details.
Do You Know?
VISA, A document issued to a person (or) a stamp marked on the passport of a person who wants to visit other country. Tourist VISA, Recreation sight seeing Student VISA, Higher education Employment VISA, Work in a country Medical VISA, Medical treatment in a reputed hospital of a country
Basic Elements of Tourism attractions
Certain elements are fundamental to attract tourists as travel destinations. They are Pleasant weather Scenic beauty Historical and cultural monuments
Geographical Components of Tourism
1. Landforms, Mountains, Plateaus, Canyons, Valleys, Caves, Cirques, Sand dunes, Coral reefs, Cliffs, etcetra.,
2. Water, Rivers, Lakes, Waterfalls, Hot springs and Geysers, Snow and Glacier, Water Currents, Tides and Waves.
3. Vegetation, Forest, Grasslands, Moors, Deserts etc.,
4. Climate, Sunshine, Clouds, Admirable Temperature, Rain and Snow.
5. Animal life, (a) Wildlife, Birds, Game Reserves, Zoos. (b) Hunting and Fishing
6. Settlement features, (a) Towns, Cities, Villages (b) Historical remains and Monuments
7. Culture Ways of life, traditions, folklore, arts and crafts.
Do You Know?
Game Reserves, An area of land set aside for the protection of wild animals.
Tourism Attractions in India
India is a country known for its gentle hospitality with spicy food and culture. Visitor friendly traditions with varied life style, culture, heritage, colourful fairs and festivals are abiding attractions for the tourists. All types of land form, varied climate, rich resources for eco and adventure tourism are the versatile speciality of India. Technological parks and science museums, pilgrimage centers with wonderful art and architecture are an added advantage for tourists. Yoga, Ayurveda and Natural remedial Health resorts attract tourists from all over the world.
Religious Tourism
India being a multi-religious country, religious tourism is the most popular type of tourism. Various package tours are organized for the people to attend the religious rituals and to visit places of religious importance. Most famous religious spots of India are as follows
Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu
Kaanchi puram, Tamil Nadu
Varanasi(Kasi), Uttarpradesh
Saranath, Uttarpradesh
Vaishnavadevi temple, Jammu and Kashmir
St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, Goa
Amritsar, Punjab
Monasteries of Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir
Scenic attraction is a very important factor in tourism. Scenery consisting of Mountains, Lakes, Waterfall, Glacier, Forests, and Deserts are the major features attracting people to visit them. India is blessed with nature and gifted with immense beauty from rolling hills to deep valley and snow covered mountains to lush green carpet.
Hill Stations in India
The Indian sub continent has seven principal mountains ranges and the largest of all is the Himalayas that lie in the northern part of India. Most of the Himalayan hill stations in India are located in states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Meghalaya. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala have hill stations in the Western Ghats. Andhra Pradesh, Odisha have hill stations in the Eastern Ghats.
The beautiful hill stations in India
Kodai kaanal, Ooty, Tamil Nadu
Nainital, Mussoorie, Uttarakhand
Darjeeling, West Bengal
Gulmarg, Jammu & Kashmir
Shillong, Meghalaya
Shimla, Manali, Himachal Pradesh
Munnar, Kerala
Gangtok, Sikkim
Do You Know?
ITC, Inclusive Tour Charter
IATA, International Air Transport Association
IATO, Indian Association of Tour Operators
TAAI, Travel Agents Association of India
TTTHA, Tamil Nadu Tour Travel and Hospitality Association
TTDC, Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation
Water falls in India
In India there are many spectacular and wonderful waterfalls covered by dense forest, huge walls of rock and lush green trees. Among these waterfalls, some are seasonal, while some are perennial. Few of the amazing waterfalls are in swing during the monsoon season. This season brings lot of tourists to these bubbling waterfall sites. Notable waterfalls of India are given below
| Serial number | Water falls | Geographical location |
|---|
| 1 | Thalaiyar waterfalls | Horse tail type located in Dindugul district of Tamil Nadu |
| 2 | Jog water falls | Segmented waterfall (Raja, Rani and thunder) located in Shimogo district of Karnataka |
| 3 | Nohkalikai waterfalls | Tallest plunge type of waterfall situated in the East khasi hill district of Meghalaya. |
| 4 | Talakona waterfalls | It is the highest waterfall in Andhra Pradesh. A lot of medicinal herbs are seen around the region. |
| 5 | Aathirappally waterfalls | The Niagara of India, is located in Thrissur district of Kerala. |
Wild life and Bird Sanctuaries
India possesses a wide range of forests and grasslands. Diversity of these lands makes it one of the hotspot for flora and fauna. The dense and dark forest of Indian States provides suitable habitat for a wide and an unique variety of animals and birds. Royal Bengal Tigers, Indian Lions, Elephants, Rhinoceros, Indian leopard and Reptiles are the major tourist attractions. Bird sanctuaries attract attention for their exclusive variety of birds. Diverse range of climate of India invite birds from remote places to feed, breed and to nurture their young ones in the Indian bird sanctuaries.
Do You Know?
Push factors in Tourism are Prestige
Pull factors in Tourism are Amenities.
Wildlife Sanctuaries in India
| Serial number | Wildlife sanctuary | State | Animals |
|---|
| 1 | Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary | Tamil Nadu | Tiger, Elephant, Bison, Deer |
| 2 | Kaziranga National Park | Assam | Tiger, Deer, Buffalo |
| 3 | Ranthambor National Park | Rajasthan | Tiger |
| 4 | Kanha National Park | Madhya Pradesh | Swamp Deer |
| 5 | Sundarbans National Park | West Bengal | Bengal Tiger |
| 6 | Gir National Park | Gujarat | Lions |
| 7 | Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary | Karnataka | Bison, Leopard, Gaur |
| 8 | Periyar National Park | Kerala | Elephant, Deer |
| 9 | Corbett National Park | Uttarakhand | Tiger |
Bird Sanctuaries in India
| Serial number | Bird Sanctuary | State |
|---|
| 1 | Koonthan kulam bird sanctuary | Tamil Nadu |
| 2 | Kumarakom bird sanctuary | Kerala |
| 3 | Bharatpur bird sanctuary | Rajasthan |
| 4 | Mayani bird sanctuary | Maharashtra |
| 5 | Uppalapadu bird sanctuary | Andhra pradesh |
| 6 | Nal Sarovar bird sanctuary | Gujarat |
| 7 | Nawabganj bird sanctuary | Uttar Pradesh |
Beaches
India is a country with 7517 Kilometer long coastline comprising the most beautiful beaches bounded by Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal. Indian beaches are enriched with diverse coastal land forms filled with aquatic flora and fauna. Lush backwater in the lagoons of Kerala and picturesque beaches of Goa such as calangute, Aguda are the notable tourist destinations for water sports activities. The most charming and enchanting beaches of India are listed below.
| Serial number | Beaches | State | Geographical features |
|---|
| 1 | Dhanushkodi beach | Tamil Nadu | Turquoise blue sea water |
| 2 | Varkala Beach | Kerala | Sea Cliffs for wonderful sunset views |
| 3 | Tarkarli Beach | Maharashtra | Coral reefs and marine adventure |
| 4 | OM Beach | Karnataka | Two semi circular caves that join together forming the inverted symbol of OM |
| 5 | Aguda Beach | Goa | A huge hill dominates the southern side of the beach. |
| 6 | Marari Beach | Kerala | Saddle like rock (Hammock) Beach |
Tourist Attraction in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu has various tourist attractions like religious centres, spiritual retreat centres, beaches, hill stations, waterfalls, wildlife, art, culture, architecture, crafts, heritage monuments etcetera. The Government of Tamil Nadu has recognized the importance of tourism long ago and facilitated its development in desired directions. Exploring new avenues like medical tourism and adventure tourism in the past decades have helped Tamil Nadu tourism to achieve more than twenty percent annual growth. Tamil Nadu earns the largest share of income from tourism in India.
Religious Tourism
Tamil Nadu is a state popularly known as land of Temples and has been the greatest source for spiritual rejuuvation for travellers all over the world. The state is home to around 33 thousand ancient temples that mainly belongs to Dravidian style of architecture. Some of the world renowned religious destinations are as follows
Thanjavur Big temple
Madurai Meenakshi temple
Rameswaram Ramanathaswami temple
Temples of Kancheepuram
Velankanni Madha church
Nagoor Dargah
Hill Stations in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu being situated in the Southern end of the Western and Eastern Ghats, is the home for several hill stations. Popular among them are Udagamandalam (Ooty), Kodaikanal, Yercaud, Coonoor, Valparai, Yelagiri, Sirumalai, Kalrayan Hills and Palani Hills, Shevroy hills and Cardamom Hills. They are also abodes of thick forest and wild life.
Ooty, Queen of Hills
Yercaud, Lake forest (Poor Man's Ooty)
Yelagiri, 14 hairpin bends
Kodaikanal, Princess of Hill Stations
Kotagiri, Green Hills
Velliangiri Hills, Kailash of the South
Kolli Hills, motor able terrain with 70 hairpin bends
Anaimalai Hills, Top slip
Meghamalai, High wavy mountains
Javadi, Nature's Heaven
Waterfalls in Tamil Nadu
Mountains and rivers of Tamil Nadu combined together created many endearing waterfalls. Waterfalls in Tamil Nadu with its inspiring natural wonders attracts many tourists. A trek amidst thick green trees, steep hills and a bath in the gushing water is most rejuvenating. Here is the list of famous water falls of Tamil Nadu.
| Serial number | Waterfalls | Geographical location |
|---|
| 1 | Hogenakal falls | It is a beautiful waterfall located in Dharmapuri district. |
| 2 | Kumbakkarai falls | River Pambar cascades to form this fall at the foot hills of Kodaikanal in Theni district. |
| 3 | Monkey falls | This waterfall lies on Anaimalai hills range in Coimbatore surrounded by Evergreen forests. |
| 4 | Killiyur falls | Situated in the shervarayon hill ranges of the Eastern Ghats. |
| 5 | Kutraallam | kutraallam is located in Tenkasi district. It is known for medical spa. |
| 6 | Aagaaya Gangai | It is a waterfall in Puliacholai on Kolli Hills in Eatern Ghats of Namakkal district. |
| 7 | Suruli Falls | This falls is also called as Cloud Land falls (or) Meghamalai falls. It is located in Theni district. |
Wildlife and Bird Sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu
Wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu includes Bird sanctuaries and National Parks. Tamil Nadu is also well known for the diverse natural heritage that it possesses. Hence tourists are highly excited about the wildlife tour across the state. The total area of Tamil Nadu is approximately 130,058 SQUARE KILOMETER. 17 POINT 6 PERCENTAGE of the land area comprises of thick forests. Visitors will get to watch a smooth blend of wet evergreen forest, dry and wet deciduous forests, grasslands, sholas, mangroves and thorny scrubs. Besides varied natural vegetation, another prized possession of Tamil Nadu is wildlife Sanctuaries including Tiger, Elephant, Deer, Monkey, Bison etcetera for protecting the entire flora and fauna. Wildlife Sanctuaries of the state are enlisted below,
Wildlife Sanctuaries
| Serial number | Name of Wildlife Sanctuary | District |
|---|
| 1 | Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary | Nilgiris |
| 2 | Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary | Tirunelveli |
| 3 | Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary | Nagapattinam |
| 4 | Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary | Coimbatore |
| 5 | Kalakaadu Wildlife Sanctuary | Tirunelveli |
Bird Sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu
| Serial number | Name of Birds Sanctuary | District |
|---|
| 1 | Vettangudi birds Sanctuary | Sivagangai |
| 2 | Karaivetti birds Sanctuary | Ariyalur |
| 3 | Vellode birds Sanctuary | Erode |
| 4 | Vedanthangal birds Sanctuary | Kancheepuram |
National Parks in Tamil Nadu
| Serial number | Name of National Parks | District |
|---|
| 1 | Gindy National Park | Chennai |
| 2 | Gulf of Mannar Marine Park | Ramanatha puram |
| 3 | Indira Gandhi National Park | Coimbatore |
| 4 | Mukurthi National Park | Nilgiris |
| 5 | Mudumalai National Park | Nilgiris |
Beaches in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu being a Coastal state in India which consists of several beaches. Some of them are world famous tourist spots. Beach is a lovely place to hang around with friends, families and kids. All these are ideal destinations for sun bath relaxation and water sports activities.
| Serial number | Beaches | Geographical features |
|---|
| 1 | Kovalam Beach, Kanchipuram | Small fishing village |
| 2 | Marina Beach, Chennai | Second longest urban beach |
| 3 | Kanyakumari Beach | Multicoloured sand |
| 4 | Rameshwaram Beach | Waveless beach |
| 5 | Elliot Beach, Chennai | Beautiful beach active in day and night |
| 6 | Mahabalipuram Beach, Kanchipuram | Architectural and Archeological beach |
| 7 | Silver Beach Cuddalore | Water sports is the entertainment |
| 8 | Muttukadu Beach, Kanchipuram | Calm and Shallow |
Environmental Impact of Tourism
The quality of the environment is essential for tourism. The tourism industry created several positive and negative impacts on the environment.
Positive Impacts
Direct financial Contributions
Contributions to government revenues
Improved environmental management and planning
Increasing environmental awareness
Protection and reservation of environment
Negative Impacts
1. Depletion of Natural Resources
Water resources
Local resources
Land degradation
2. Pollution
Air and Noise Pollution
Solid Waste and Litering
Sewage
3. Destruction and Alteration of Eco system
Air Water Soil
Wrap up
The word tourist was derived from an old English word " tourian."
The basic components of tourism are Attraction, Accessibility and Ameneities.
Tourism can be divided on the basis of nature, utility, time and distance.
Geographical component of Tourism are location, climate, settlement and culture.
Industrialization and urbanization had created great pressure on modern living.
India is a country known for its gentle (or) hospitality to all visitors.
The Indian sub-continent has seven principal mountains ranges.
Scenery consisting of Mountains, Lakes, Waterfalls, Glaciers, Forests, and Deserts.
The dense and dark forest of Indian states provide home to wild life.
Tamil Nadu is also well known for the diverse natural heritage that it possesses
Glossary
Geyser a natural hot spring வெந்நீர் ஊற்று Accessibility the quality of being easily to obtain or use அணுகுமுறை Amenities attractiveness of a place வசதிகள் Recreation the feeling of being relaxed பொழுதுபோக்கு Amusement park a large outdoor area with fairground rides, shows and other entertainments பொழுதுபோக்கு பூங்கா Bird sanctuary an area of land in which birds are protected and encouraged to breed பறவைகள் சரணாலயம் Wildlife sanctuary an area which provides protection and favourable living conditions to the wildlife விலங்குகள் சரணாலயம் Land degradation Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients நில வளம் குறைதல்
Evaluation
Exercise 1. Choose the correct answer
1. The oldest type of tourism is _____
a) Religious b) Historical c) Adventure d) Recreational
2. In which state is the Kaziranga national park located.
a) Rajasthan b) West Bengal c) Assam d) Gujarat
3. Which one of the following is not a beach of India ?
a) Goa b) cochin c) Kovalam d) Miami
4. Which of the following is not a bird sanctuary in India ?
a) nal sarovor in Gujarat b) Koonthakulam in Tamil Nadu c) Bharatpur in Rajasthan d) Kanha in Madhya pradesh
5. In which district kutrallam waterfalls is located ?
a) Dharmapuri b) Tirunelveli c) Namakkal d) Theni Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks
1. The three main components of tourism together known as
2. Gastronomy refers to an aspect of tourism.
3. Suruli falls is also called as
4. The second largest urban beach is
5. Expansion of TAAI
Exercise 3. Circle the Odd one
1. Transport, Attraction, Accommodation, Amenities
2. Nainital, Shillong, Munnar, Digha
3. Corbett, Sundarbans, periyar, Mayani
4. Hogenakal, Kumbakkari, Suruli, Kalakaadu
5. Rishikesh, ladakh, Gulmarg, Kotagiri
Exercise 4. Match the following
| 1. Aana malai hills | |
| 2. Monkey falls | |
| 3. Darjeeling | |
| 4. Nature's Haven | |
| 5. Aguda Beach | |
Options: West Bengal, Goa, Coimbatore, Top slip, Javadi
Exercise 5. Consider the following statement and tick (✓) the appropriate answer
1. Assertion (A) Tourism is an essential activity for the life of the society.
Reason (R) Its direct impact on social cultural, education and economic sector of the nation.
a. Assertion and Reason are correct and Assertion explains Reason b. Assertion and Reason are correct but Assertion does not explain Reason c. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct d. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect
2. Assertion (A) One of the most popular beaches in Goa Calangute is a treat for the adventure sports activities.
Reason (R) Foreigners throng the beaches
a. Assertion and Reason are correct and Assertion explain Reason b. Assertion and Reason are correct but Assertion does not explain Reason c. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct d. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect Exercise 6. Answer the following briefly
1. Define Tourism ?
2. Write short note on ECO Tourism ?
3. What are the basic elements of Tourism ?
4. Name any five hill stations in India ?
5. Name any five beaches in Tamil Nadu ?
Exercise 7. Distinguish between
1. International Tourism and Historical Tourism
2. Religious Tourism and Adventure Tourism
3. Attraction and Accessibility
Exercise 8. Answer the following questions in detail
1. Explain the Geographical components of Tourism ?
2. Write briefly about the waterfalls in Tamil Nadu ?
3. Describe the Environment Impact of Tourism ?
Exercise 9. HOTS
1. Why do we like sightseeing so much ?
2. What are the ways to protect the sanctuaries ?
3. List any five reasons for travelling ?
Exercise 10. Activity
This activity should be done by students under the supervision of the subject teacher. The students are grouped with six members in a group. Each student will discuss in the group about their last tour. Each group will collect photographs and information. The information will be shared in the class as well as displayed on the notice board of the class room.
References
1. A.K.Bhatia (2009) Tourism development principles and practices, Sterling Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi.
2. Shakunthala Jagannathan (1994) India plan your own Holiday, Published by Jean Trindade for Vakils, Feffer and Simons Limited, Mumbai.
3. Madura Welcome (2015) Tourist Guide book of Tamil Nadu, Madura Travel Service Private Limited, Chennai.
4. C.R.Vilasini (2003) Tourism Geography (Tamil version) S. Karthik, Coimbatore.
ICT CORNER
Tourism - Let's go for a tour
PROCEDURE
Step 1 Type the following URL https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en.html in the address bar or scan the QR code given in the right side.
Step 2 In this site you can experience the Heritage, spiritual, Adventure, Yoga and wellness, Art and culture, Food and cuisine, Nature and wildlife and Luxury
Step 3 You can get the list of Popular destinations, Spiritual destinations, Heritage destinations, World Heritage, Buddhism in India and Museums here.
Scan the QR code Given below to download the mobile app of this site
Tourism Attraction URL: https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en
Pictures are indicative only If browser requires, allow Flash Player or Java Script to load the page
Book-back Exercises — Questions & Answers
Answers generated strictly from the Samacheer Kalvi textbook content. Attempt each question first, then click "Show Answer" to check.
I. Choose the Correct Answer
1. The oldest type of tourism is ____
a) Religious b) Historical c) Adventure d) Recreational
Answer: a) Religious
Explanation: Religious tourism is one of the oldest type of tourism, wherein people travel individually or in groups for pilgrimage to a religious location.
2. In which state is the Kaziranga national park located?
a) Rajasthan b) West Bengal c) Assam d) Gujarat
Answer: c) Assam
Explanation: According to the wildlife sanctuaries table, Kaziranga National Park is located in Assam state.
3. Which one of the following is not a beach of India?
a) Goa b) Cochin c) Kovalam d) Miami
Answer: d) Miami
Explanation: Miami is not mentioned as an Indian beach in the chapter, while Goa, Cochin and Kovalam are listed as Indian beaches.
4. Which of the following is not a bird sanctuary in India?
a) Nal sarovar in Gujarat b) Koonthankulam in Tamil Nadu c) Bharatpur in Rajasthan d) Kanha in Madhya Pradesh
Answer: d) Kanha in Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: Kanha National Park is listed as a wildlife sanctuary for Swamp Deer, not as a bird sanctuary. The others are mentioned as bird sanctuaries.
5. In which district Kutrallam waterfalls is located?
a) Dharmapuri b) Tirunelveli c) Namakkal d) Theni
Answer: b) Tirunelveli
Explanation: According to the waterfalls table, Kutrallam is located in Tenkasi district, which was part of Tirunelveli district.
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. The three main components of tourism together known as ____
Answer: A3 concept
2. Gastronomy refers to an aspect of ____ tourism.
Answer: Cultural
3. Suruli falls is also called as ____
Answer: Cloud Land falls (or) Meghamalai falls
4. The second largest urban beach is ____
Answer: Marina Beach
5. Expansion of TAAI ____
Answer: Travel Agents Association of India
III. Circle the Odd One
1. Transport, Attraction, Accommodation, Amenities
Answer: Transport
2. Nainital, Shillong, Munnar, Digha
Answer: Digha
3. Corbett, Sundarbans, Periyar, Mayani
Answer: Mayani
4. Hogenakal, Kumbakkari, Suruli, Kalakaadu
Answer: Kalakaadu
5. Rishikesh, Ladakh, Gulmarg, Kotagiri
Answer: Kotagiri
IV. Match the Following
1. Match the Following
| 1. Anaimalai hills | a) West Bengal |
| 2. Monkey falls | b) Goa |
| 3. Darjeeling | c) Coimbatore |
| 4. Nature's Heaven | d) Top slip |
| 5. Aguda Beach | e) Javadi |
Answers: 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-e, 5-b
V. Consider the Following Statement
1. Assertion (A): Tourism is an essential activity for the life of the society.
Reason (R): Its direct impact on social cultural, education and economic sector of the nation.
a) Assertion and Reason are correct and Assertion explains Reason b) Assertion and Reason are correct but Assertion does not explain Reason c) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect
Answer: b) Assertion and Reason are correct but Assertion does not explain Reason
2. Assertion (A): One of the most popular beaches in Goa Calangute is a treat for the adventure sports activities.
Reason (R): Foreigners throng the beaches
a) Assertion and Reason are correct and Assertion explains Reason b) Assertion and Reason are correct but Assertion does not explain Reason c) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect
Answer: b) Assertion and Reason are correct but Assertion does not explain Reason
VI. Answer the Following Briefly
1. Define Tourism?
Answer: The word tourist was derived from an old English word "tourian" which refers to a person who travels out of his usual environment for not more than one year and less than 24 hours. The purpose of travel may be religious, recreation, business, historical and cultural.
2. Write short note on Eco Tourism?
Answer: Eco tourism typically involves travel to destinations where plants and animals thrive in a naturally preserved environment. Amazon rain forest, African forest safari, trekking in the slopes of Himalayas are the famous incredible Eco friendly attractions.
3. What are the basic elements of Tourism?
Answer: The basic elements of tourism attractions are pleasant weather, scenic beauty, and historical and cultural monuments. These fundamental elements attract tourists as travel destinations.
4. Name any five hill stations in India?
Answer: Five hill stations in India are: Kodaikanal and Ooty in Tamil Nadu, Nainital and Mussoorie in Uttarakhand, and Darjeeling in West Bengal.
5. Name any five beaches in Tamil Nadu?
Answer: Five beaches in Tamil Nadu are: Kovalam Beach in Kanchipuram, Marina Beach in Chennai, Kanyakumari Beach, Rameswaram Beach, and Elliot Beach in Chennai.
VII. Distinguish Between
1. International Tourism and Historical Tourism
Answer: International tourism is undertaken to visit places of international importance and gather knowledge about international culture and customs, requiring travel documents like passport and visa. Historical tourism focuses on visiting historically important places like museums, monuments, archaeological areas, forts and temples within or outside the country.
2. Religious Tourism and Adventure Tourism
Answer: Religious tourism involves people traveling individually or in groups for pilgrimage to religious locations like temples, churches and mosques. Adventure tourism involves travel to remote or exotic places to take part in physically challenging outdoor activities like sky diving, bungee jumping and mountaineering.
3. Attraction and Accessibility
Answer: Attractions comprise natural attractions like landscape, beaches, forests and cultural attractions like historic monuments and festivals. Accessibility means reachability to a particular place of attraction through various means of transportation such as road, rail, water and air, which decides the cost and time of travel.
VIII. Answer the Following Questions in Detail
1. Explain the Geographical components of Tourism?
Answer: The geographical components of tourism include seven main elements: 1) Landforms like mountains, plateaus, canyons, valleys, caves, sand dunes, coral reefs and cliffs. 2) Water features including rivers, lakes, waterfalls, hot springs, geysers, snow, glaciers, water currents, tides and waves. 3) Vegetation comprising forests, grasslands, moors and deserts. 4) Climate elements like sunshine, clouds, admirable temperature, rain and snow. 5) Animal life including wildlife, birds, game reserves, zoos, hunting and fishing. 6) Settlement features including towns, cities, villages, historical remains and monuments. 7) Culture encompassing ways of life, traditions, folklore, arts and crafts.
2. Write briefly about the waterfalls in Tamil Nadu?
Answer: Mountains and rivers of Tamil Nadu combined together created many endearing waterfalls that attract tourists with their inspiring natural wonders. Famous waterfalls include Hogenakal falls in Dharmapuri district, Kumbakkarai falls formed by River Pambar at the foothills of Kodaikanal in Theni district, Monkey falls on Anaimalai hills in Coimbatore, Killiyur falls in Eastern Ghats, Kutrallam in Tenkasi district known for medical spa, Aagaya Gangai on Kolli Hills in Namakkal district, and Suruli Falls also called Cloud Land falls in Theni district. A trek amidst thick green trees and steep hills with a bath in gushing water is most rejuvenating for tourists.
3. Describe the Environment Impact of Tourism?
Answer: Tourism has both positive and negative environmental impacts. Positive impacts include direct financial contributions, contributions to government revenues, improved environmental management and planning, increasing environmental awareness, and protection and reservation of environment. Negative impacts include depletion of natural resources like water resources, local resources and land degradation. Tourism also causes pollution through air and noise pollution, solid waste and littering, and sewage problems. Additionally, it leads to destruction and alteration of ecosystems affecting air, water and soil quality. The quality of environment is essential for tourism, making it important to balance development with conservation.
IX. HOTS
1. Why do we like sightseeing so much?
Answer: Refer to the chapter text for this answer.
2. What are the ways to protect the sanctuaries?
Answer: Refer to the chapter text for this answer.
3. List any five reasons for travelling?
Answer: Five reasons for travelling based on the chapter are: religious purposes for pilgrimage, recreation for enjoyment and amusement, business activities, historical and cultural exploration, and adventure activities in remote or exotic places.
📝 Summary
- Tourism is derived from the old English word "tourian" and refers to travel outside one's usual environment for not more than one year and less than 24 hours for purposes like religious, recreation, business, historical and cultural activities.
- The three basic components of tourism are known as the A3 concept: Attractions (natural and cultural), Accessibility (transportation methods), and Amenities (facilities like accommodation, travel organizers, and safety services).
- Tourism can be classified into six main types based on nature, utility, time and distance: Religious tourism, Cultural tourism, Historical tourism, Eco-Tourism, Adventure tourism, and Recreational tourism.
- Religious tourism is the oldest type where people travel to sacred places like Kasi (Varanasi) for Hindus, Jerusalem for Christians, and Mecca for Muslims, while Historical tourism focuses on visiting monuments like Angkorwat of Cambodia, Tajmahal of India and Pyramids of Egypt.
- Adventure tourism involves physically challenging activities in remote locations like sky diving in Australia, Bungee jumping in New Zealand, and mountaineering in the Himalayas, while Eco-tourism focuses on naturally preserved environments like Amazon rain forest and African forest safari.